Bond
A loan to a government or company, repaid at a set date with interest along the way. Bonds trade, so their price moves after issue.
Finance & Markets
Central Bank
The institution responsible for a currency and its monetary policy — setting interest rates, managing money supply and acting as lender of last resort.
Compliance
The work of making sure a business actually follows the rules it is subject to, and can prove it did.
Equity
Ownership in a company, divided into shares that entitle the holder to a slice of its profits and assets.
Volatility
How much and how quickly a price moves. High volatility means large swings in both directions, not just downward.
Bull Market
A sustained period of rising prices and confident sentiment, conventionally marked from a twenty percent rise off a low.
Institutional Investor
An organisation investing large pools of other people's money — pension funds, insurers, endowments, asset managers.
Risk Asset
An asset whose price depends heavily on growth and confidence — equities, crypto, high-yield debt — as opposed to safe havens like government bonds.
Inflation
The rate at which prices across an economy rise over time, which means each unit of currency buys a little less than it did.
Interest Rate
The cost of borrowing money. The rate a central bank sets ripples out into mortgages, business loans and the return on savings.